Hard hats are required when there is a foreseeable danger of head injury at a work site [1], especially where there is a significant possibility of lateral impact to the head 3, 4, 8. This includes protection from falling objects 7, 15 and electrical hazards 7, 15. For example, hard hats are required for personnel in steel erection at all times on the job site [2]. In confined spaces, if there is a hazard of bumping your head, head protection must be used [3].

Specific instances when head protection is required:

• Riding an all-terrain vehicle, snow vehicle, motorized trail bike, or motorcycle at a work site [4]
• Firefighters may require specialized headwear [4]
• Industrial rope access work [5]
• When working below other workers who are using tools and materials which could fall [6]
• Working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying parts or materials [6]
• Working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall [6]
• Working on exposed energized conductors [6]

Employers must ensure that workers use appropriate head protection, and workers must use and care for the equipment as instructed 6, 10.