A risk assessment for crane operations should consider several key hazards and control measures.

Hazards:

• Falling Loads: This is a primary hazard. Dropped materials can cause serious injury or death.
• Crane Instability: Overloading, uneven ground, or high winds can cause the crane to tip.
• Contact with Power Lines: Cranes can easily contact overhead power lines, leading to electrocution.
• Improper Signaling: Unclear or incorrect signals between the signaler and operator can cause accidents.
• Equipment Failure: Mechanical failure of the crane, rigging, or supporting structures.
• Environmental Factors: Weather conditions like high winds, rain, or ice can affect crane operation.
• Dust/Silica Exposure: Some worksites may expose workers to hazardous dusts such as crystalline silica 2, 3, 6, 11, 14, 18 which can lead to long term health issues [1].

Risk Assessment:

• Likelihood: Evaluate the probability of each hazard occurring (e.g., frequent, occasional, rare).
• Severity: Assess the potential harm (e.g., minor injury, serious injury, fatality).

Control Measures:

• Elimination: If possible, eliminate the need for crane operations by using alternative methods.
• Engineering Controls:
  • Use cranes with load-limiting devices and anti-two-block systems.
  • Ensure the crane is set up on stable, level ground.
  • Implement proximity warning systems for power lines.
• Administrative Controls:
  • Develop and enforce a comprehensive lift plan.
  • Use a qualified and certified crane operator and signal person.
  • Conduct daily crane inspections.
  • Establish clear communication protocols and hand signals.
  • Implement a preventative maintenance program.
  • Provide proper training on crane safety, rigging, and signaling.
  • Establish exclusion zones and ensure only essential personnel are in the area.
  • Monitor weather conditions and halt operations in high winds or adverse weather.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
  • Hard hats, safety glasses, and high-visibility clothing are essential.
  • Use appropriate gloves for handling rigging and materials 1, 7, 8.
  • Safety glasses with side shields are recommended 4, 8.
  • If dusts are present, ensure proper respiratory equipment is used 3, 5, 6, 11, 14, 18.

Monitoring and Review:

• Regularly inspect the crane and rigging equipment.
• Conduct periodic audits of crane operations to ensure compliance with safety procedures.
• Review incident reports and near misses to identify areas for improvement.
• Update the risk assessment as needed based on changes in equipment, procedures, or the environment.