Exposure to cold environments can lead to frostbite and hypothermia. Prevention and immediate first aid are crucial in managing these conditions.

To prevent cold-related injuries, consider the following:

• Dress warmly in layers of clothing, including a wind-resistant outer layer.
• Wear a hat, mittens or insulated gloves, a scarf, and insulated, waterproof footwear.
• Stay dry and keep active.
• Take precautions to prevent excessive sweating.
• Ensure balanced meals and adequate fluid intake.
• Limit caffeinated drinks.
• Avoid alcohol consumption.

For frostnip, first aid includes gentle rewarming, such as holding the affected tissue next to unaffected skin. Never rub the affected parts. Do not use very hot objects to warm the area. [1]

First aid for frostbite includes:

• Move the victim to a warm area, if possible.
• Remove wet clothing and constricting items.
• Warm the person with blankets, covering the head and neck.
• Loosely cover the affected area with a sterile dressing, placing gauze between fingers and toes.
• If the person is alert, give them warm liquids.
• Seek medical attention and monitor breathing.

[2] [2] Important precautions for frostbite first aid:

• Do not attempt to rewarm a frostbitten area on site.
• Do not thaw the area if it may freeze again.
• Do not rub the area or apply snow.
• Do not allow the victim to drink alcohol or smoke.

[2] First aid for hypothermia includes:

• Seek medical help immediately.
• Move the person out of the cold and insulate them.
• Check for airway, breathing, and circulation.
• Handle the person gently, avoiding massage or rubbing of the skin.
• Warm the person by applying warm water bottles or heating pads to the upper body, wrapped in towels.
• Give warm, caffeine-free, non-alcoholic drinks only if the person is conscious and responsive.
• Perform CPR if the victim stops breathing.

[3] [4] A hypothermia wrap involves placing an insulation pad between the person and the ground, applying insulation, adding heat sources to the upper body, and covering the head and neck. [4]