Here is a risk assessment for crane operations:

Hazards:

• Overloading: Exceeding the crane's rated load capacity can cause structural failure and collapse . Ensure the weight of the load is accurately determined and within the crane's limits . Cranes should not be loaded beyond their rated load, except for testing purposes 19, 20.
• Instability: Improper setup or ground conditions can lead to tipping . Cranes must be level and properly blocked . Ensure outriggers are used when required and are properly supported .
• Contact with power lines: Electrocution can occur if the crane or load contacts overhead power lines . Maintain safe distances from power lines and notify the owners of the lines before commencing operations .
• Falling loads: Improper rigging or load securement can cause the load to fall . Ensure the load is well-secured and balanced in the sling or lifting device before lifting 19, 20. Use safety latch-type hooks or mouse the hooks .
• Mechanical failure: Failure of crane components can lead to accidents. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial 12, 14. Establish a preventive maintenance program based on the crane manufacturer's recommendations .
• Human error: Untrained or unqualified operators can make mistakes leading to accidents . Ensure that cranes are operated only by regular crane operators, authorized substitutes who have had adequate experience and training under the supervision of a competent operator, or by crane repairmen or inspectors . The operator must be fully familiar with all crane rules and with the crane mechanism and its proper care .
• Collisions: Cranes colliding with other objects or personnel can cause injuries. Provide adequate clearance and maintain awareness of surroundings . Avoid bumping into runway stops or other cranes .
• Environmental factors: Wind and temperature can affect crane operation . Stop crane operation when wind velocity or temperature exceeds the manufacturer's specifications .

Risk Assessment:

Assess the likelihood and severity of each hazard based on the specific work environment and conditions. Consider factors such as the type of crane, the load being lifted, the proximity to power lines, weather conditions, and the experience level of the crane operator.

Control Measures:

• Elimination: Where possible, eliminate the need for crane operations by using alternative methods.
• Substitution: Use cranes with higher load capacities or longer reach to reduce the risk of overloading or working near obstacles.
• Engineering Controls:
  • Install anti-two-blocking devices to prevent contact between the load block and the boom tip .
  • Use boom angle indicators and boom length indicators to assist the operator .
  • Equip cranes with controlled load lowering systems .
  • Provide rail sweeps on bridge trucks to dislodge material on the rail .
• Administrative Controls:
  • Develop and implement a comprehensive crane safety program that includes: Ensure that crane operators are able to communicate with others at the worksite sufficiently to understand the signs, notices, operation instructions, and the signal code in use to ensure safe operation of the crane .
    • Regular crane inspections and maintenance 12, 14
    • Operator training and certification
    • Lift planning and hazard analysis
    • Clear communication protocols (e.g., hand signals, radio communication)
    • Establish a preventive maintenance program based on the crane manufacturer's recommendations .
  • Designate a qualified person to be in charge of operations when two or more cranes are used to lift one load 1, 3.
  • Before traveling a crane with load, a designated person must be responsible for determining and controlling safety .
  • Implement a lock-out/tag-out procedure for crane maintenance and repair .
  • Establish no-go zones near power lines and other hazards.
  • Ensure that the operator does not leave the control position while the load is suspended 1, 3.
  • No person should be permitted to stand or pass under a load on the hook .
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
  • Hard hats
  • Safety glasses
  • High-visibility clothing
  • Safety shoes

Monitoring and Review:

• Conduct regular inspections of cranes and rigging equipment 12, 14.
• Monitor operator performance and provide refresher training as needed.
• Review accident and incident reports to identify trends and areas for improvement.
• Periodically review and update the crane safety program to ensure it remains effective.

Specific Recommendations:

• Ensure all crane operators are certified and trained in accordance with relevant standards .
• Develop a detailed lift plan for each crane operation, including a hazard analysis and risk assessment .
• Inspect cranes and rigging equipment daily before use 12, 14.
• Maintain a safe distance from power lines and other hazards .
• Use tag lines to control the load and prevent swinging .
• Never exceed the crane's rated load capacity .
• Ensure clear communication between the crane operator and signal person .
• Regularly review and update the crane safety program 12, 14.
• A crane which has been idle for a period of one month or more, but less than 6 months, must be given an inspection conforming with requirements of subsection (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b) before placing in service .
• A crane which has been idle for a period of 6 months must be given a complete inspection conforming with requirements of subsection (2) and (3) of this section and .

By implementing these control measures and following safe operating procedures, the risks associated with crane operations can be significantly reduced.