A risk assessment form for a construction site should include several key components to ensure a thorough evaluation of potential hazards and the implementation of appropriate control measures. Here's a structured approach to creating such a form:

1. Hazard Identification: 1, 10

• The form should prompt the assessor to identify all existing and potential hazards at the construction site [1]. This includes physical hazards (e.g., falls, trips, moving machinery), chemical hazards (e.g., exposure to harmful substances), biological hazards, and ergonomic hazards [2].
• Consideration should be given to hazards that may pose immediate danger, such as those that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) 4, 10.

2. Risk Assessment:

• For each identified hazard, the form should include a section to assess the associated risks. This involves evaluating the likelihood of an incident occurring and the severity of the potential consequences [3].
• The risk assessment should consider factors such as the number of employees potentially affected, the age and condition of equipment, and the operating history of the processes involved [3].

3. Control Measures: 1, 9

• The form should prioritize control measures based on the hierarchy of controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) [1].
• Elimination: Can the hazard be removed entirely?
• Substitution: Can a less hazardous alternative be used?
• Engineering Controls: Can physical changes to the workplace reduce the hazard (e.g., machine guards, ventilation)? [1]
• Administrative Controls: Can procedures or training reduce the risk (e.g., safety protocols, job rotation)? [1]
• PPE: What personal protective equipment is necessary to protect workers (e.g., hard hats, safety glasses, respirators)? 1, 15

4. Worker Participation: [1]

• The form should document the involvement of affected workers in the hazard assessment and control measure selection process [1].
• Workers can provide valuable insights into potential hazards and the effectiveness of control measures [1].

5. Regular Inspections: [4]

• The form should include a section for documenting regular and diligent inspections of the worksite to discover potential hazards [4].
• Inspections should be conducted by a competent person and should cover all areas of the construction site [5].

6. Emergency Preparedness: 3, 15

• The form should address emergency procedures, including evacuation plans, first aid availability, and emergency contact information 3, 15.
• Emergency lighting should be available in case of power failures [6].

7. Review and Revision: [1]

• The form should include a section for documenting the date of the assessment and any revisions made [1].
• The hazard assessment should be repeated at reasonably practicable intervals, when new work processes are introduced, when work processes change, or before significant additions or alterations to the work site [1].

8. Specific Hazards Checklist:
   • Excavation Safety: Are trenches properly sloped or shored? Is there a safe means of egress? [7]
   • Fall Protection: Are workers at heights protected by guardrails, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems? [4]
   • Electrical Safety: Are electrical cords and equipment properly grounded? Are ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) used in wet locations?
   • Hazardous Materials: Are hazardous materials properly stored and labeled? Are safety data sheets (SDS) readily available?
   • Equipment Safety: Are all tools and equipment inspected regularly and maintained in safe working condition?
   • Traffic Control: Are workers protected from vehicular traffic with warning vests and appropriate signage? [7]
   • Housekeeping: Is the site kept clean and free of tripping hazards? [6]

By incorporating these elements into a risk assessment form, employers can systematically identify, assess, and control hazards on construction sites, thereby promoting a safer working environment and reducing the risk of accidents and injuries.