Hot work, such as welding or cutting, poses significant hazards, especially in environments where flammable substances are present. To ensure safety during hot work, several key precautions and procedures must be followed:

1. Hot Work Permits: Before beginning any hot work, a hot work permit must be issued. This permit should detail the nature of the hazard, the type and frequency of atmospheric testing required, safe work procedures, precautionary measures, and the protective equipment needed [1].

2. Atmospheric Testing: Conduct suitable tests to ensure the atmosphere does not contain flammable substances in quantities sufficient to create an explosive atmosphere. Testing should confirm that the work can be safely performed and should be repeated at regular intervals appropriate to the work being performed [2].

3. Fire Prevention: Remove or protect all combustible materials in the vicinity of the hot work. If relocation is impractical, use flame-proof covers or shields to protect combustibles from ignition sources [3].

4. Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation to remove flammable vapors, mists, or powders to a safe location, especially in confined spaces or areas where flammable substances are used [4].

5. Equipment and Personnel Safety: Ensure that only competent workers perform hot work and that they are equipped with appropriate personal protective equipment. Fire extinguishing equipment should be immediately available and maintained in a state of readiness [5].

6. Purging and Cleaning: Containers or piping that contain or have contained flammable substances must be purged using an effective method to remove the flammable substance before any hot work is begun [2].

7. Continuous Monitoring: Implement procedures to ensure the continuous safe performance of the hot work, including monitoring for any changes in the environment that could introduce new hazards [1].

By adhering to these guidelines, the risks associated with hot work can be significantly reduced, ensuring a safer working environment for all involved.