Lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures are crucial for ensuring electrical safety during equipment maintenance and repair, preventing unexpected energization and potential electric shock. These procedures involve de-energizing equipment, applying lockout/tagout devices, and verifying isolation to protect employees. [1] [7]

Here are the general steps for LOTO procedures:

• Preparation for Shutdown: Understand the type and magnitude of energy, its hazards, and control methods.
• Machine or Equipment Shutdown: Use established shutdown procedures to avoid additional hazards.
• Machine or Equipment Isolation: Locate and operate all necessary energy-isolating devices to cut off the energy source.
• Lockout/Tagout Device Application: Affix devices to each energy-isolating device by authorized employees.
• Stored Energy: Relieve, disconnect, restrain or render safe any potentially hazardous stored or residual energy.
• Verification of Isolation: Verify isolation and de-energization before starting work.
• Periodic Inspection: Inspect energy control procedures at least annually for continued effectiveness.
• Training: Training should be provided to authorized and affected employees.
• Notification of employees: Affected employees must be notified before application and after removal of LOTO devices.

[8] [9] [9] [9] [9] [5] [5] [3] [6] Some additional key points include:

• Written Program: Employers must establish a written lockout/tagout program and train employees.
• Individual Responsibility: Each person who could be exposed to electric energy must be involved in the lockout/tagout process.
• Lockout vs. Tagout: Use lockout devices (locks) whenever possible; tagout devices (tags) should only be used when lockout is not feasible.
• Verification: Before beginning work, verify that all energy sources have been de-energized through testing.
• Coordination: Electric lockout/tagout procedures should be coordinated with all other site procedures.
• Qualified Person: A qualified person should be in charge where there is more than one energy source, crew, craft, location, employer, way to disconnect, or LOTO procedure.
• Shift Changes: LOTO procedures must ensure continuity of protection during shift changes.
• Hardware: Employers must provide necessary LOTO equipment like signs, tags, and padlocks.

[2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [2] [3] [4] By following these procedures, employers can create a safer work environment and significantly reduce the risk of electrical shock and other injuries during maintenance and repair activities.