Working near extreme heat sources requires strict safety procedures and risk assessments to prevent burns, heat stress, and other thermal hazards. Key elements include recognizing heat stress symptoms, ensuring adequate hydration, providing rest breaks in cool areas, and modifying work schedules to reduce exposure. [5] [7]

Symptoms of heat exhaustion may include headaches, dizziness, light-headedness, weakness, irritability, confusion, nausea, vomiting, fainting, decreased and dark-colored urine, and pale, clammy skin. [1]

Symptoms of heat stroke include dry, pale skin (no sweating); hot, red skin (looks like a sunburn); personality changes; irritability, confusion; seizures or fits; and collapse. [1]

If a worker is experiencing heat exhaustion: • Move them to a cool, shaded area and do not leave them alone. • Loosen or remove heavy clothing. • Have them drink cool water if they are not feeling sick. • Cool them by fanning and spraying with water. [1]

If a worker is experiencing heat stroke: • Call 911 for emergency help. • Move them to a cool, shaded area and do not leave them alone. • Remove heavy and outer clothing. • Cool the skin with water, wet cloth, or wet sheet. • If available, place ice packs in armpits and groin area. [1]

To prevent heat-related illnesses: • Slow down in hot weather and take breaks in cooler locations. • Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing. • Drink plenty of water and increase salt intake. • Acclimate to warm weather gradually. • Wear a hat and long-sleeve shirt to prevent burning. [2]

Employers should designate someone to oversee a Heat Illness Prevention Program that includes:

• Identifying heat hazards
• Providing water, rest, and shade
• Ensuring acclimatization
• Modifying work schedules
• Training employees
• Monitoring employees for signs of heat illness
• Emergency response planning [3]

Acclimatization typically takes 4 to 7 days of regular exposure to heat. During acclimatization, strenuous work should be limited. [4]

Environmental risk factors for heat illness include air temperature, relative humidity, radiant heat, conductive heat sources, air movement, workload severity and duration, and protective clothing and PPE. [6]