The standards for access ladders, particularly fixed ladders, emphasize design, construction, and installation requirements. Ladders installed after a certain date must adhere to ANSI Standard A14.3 1984, excluding section 7 [1]. Key aspects include maintaining three-point contact while ascending or descending [1], ensuring the ladder is highly visible [1], and using a personal fall arrest system if a worker may fall 3 meters or more from a portable ladder [2].

Additional considerations include:

• Rung spacing: Rungs should be uniformly spaced, typically between 250 and 300 millimeters apart [3].
• Clearance: A minimum clearance of 150 millimeters should be maintained between the rungs and the structure [3].
• Extension above landing: Side rails of fixed ladders should extend at least 1 meter above any platform, roof, or landing [3].
• Ladder cages/fall arrest systems: For fixed ladders exceeding 6 meters in height, platforms at intervals of not more than 6 meters or ladder cages are required. Alternatively, a personal fall arrest system can be used [3].
• Load requirements: Each fixed ladder must withstand at least two loads of 250 pounds (114 kg) each, concentrated between any two consecutive attachments [4].
• Ladder Safety Devices: Must be able to withstand an 18-inch (41 cm) drop of a 500-pound (226 kg) weight [5]

Training programs should enable employees to recognize hazards related to ladders and stairways, and train each employee in the procedures to be followed to minimize these hazards [6].