Job Hazard Analysis (JHA/JSA) Procedure for Workplace Hazard Identification, Risk Evaluation, Control Selection, PPE, and OSHA Compliance

Assessment Date: [DATE]

Assessor: [ASSESSOR NAME]

Department/Area: [DEPARTMENT/AREA]

Review Date: [REVIEW DATE]

1. Assessment Scope

This risk assessment covers the planning, execution, documentation, and communication of job hazard analysis and job safety analysis activities used to identify workplace hazards, evaluate risk levels, select controls using the hierarchy of controls, define PPE requirements, and support regulatory compliance. The scope includes routine, non-routine, new, modified, and infrequently performed tasks; task breakdown and observation; hazard identification; risk rating; control implementation; PPE selection; job briefings; and reassessment when conditions change. The assessment excludes detailed engineering design of equipment, site-specific permit authorizations, and medical surveillance programs unless they are directly required by the task being analyzed. Administrative placeholders such as project name, document number, department, phone numbers, personal names, and specific dates are intentionally left blank for human completion.

2. Risk Assessment Methodology

A structured JHA/JSA methodology is used: select the job or task, observe the work, break the job into logical steps, identify hazards and exposure pathways for each step, evaluate likelihood and severity using a consistent qualitative matrix, assign an overall risk rating, and implement controls following the hierarchy of controls. The hierarchy prioritizes elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative/work practice controls, and PPE as the last line of defense. The assessment is treated as a living document and must be reviewed with employees before work begins and updated when conditions, equipment, or procedures change.

3. Risk Matrix Reference

The following matrix is used to evaluate risk levels based on likelihood and severity:

		Likelihood
Rare	Unlikely	Possible	Likely	Almost Certain
Severity	Catastrophic	Low	Low	Low	Medium	Medium
Major	Low	Low	Medium	Medium	High
Moderate	Low	Medium	Medium	High	High
Minor	Medium	Medium	High	High	Extreme
Negligible	Medium	High	High	Extreme	Extreme

4. Hazard Identification and Risk Evaluation

1. Inadequate task planning or failure to break work into discrete steps before starting the job.

Potential Consequences: Critical hazards may be missed, leading to uncontrolled exposures, inconsistent work methods, preventable injuries, and ineffective PPE selection. Poor planning can also cause rework, delays, and unsafe improvisation.

Affected Persons: Workers performing the task, supervisors, nearby employees, contractors, and visitors in the work area.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Likely	Major	High

Control Measures

• Eliminate unnecessary or redundant task steps where possible before work begins.
• Substitute a safer work method or sequence when the original method creates avoidable exposure.
• Use engineering controls or pre-task setup aids to reduce reliance on memory and improvisation.
• Require a documented JHA/JSA review with the crew before work starts and whenever conditions change.
• Provide task-specific training and supervision so workers understand the sequence, hazards, and required controls.
• Use PPE only after higher-order controls have been considered and implemented where feasible.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Moderate	Medium

2. Unexpected or unrecognized hazards during task observation, including hidden hazards such as ergonomic strain, repetitive motion, or secondary exposures.

Potential Consequences: Musculoskeletal disorders, strains, sprains, cumulative trauma injuries, missed exposure pathways, and delayed recognition of serious hazards.

Affected Persons: Workers, especially those performing repetitive or forceful tasks; supervisors; and maintenance personnel.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Likely	Moderate	High

Control Measures

• Eliminate unnecessary forceful or repetitive motions through redesign of the task.
• Substitute tools or methods that reduce awkward postures and repetition.
• Apply engineering controls such as adjustable workstations, mechanical assists, or improved tool design.
• Implement administrative controls including job rotation, rest breaks, and employee involvement in hazard review.
• Provide ergonomic PPE only where it meaningfully reduces exposure and does not create new hazards.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Minor	Medium

3. Slips, trips, and falls caused by wet, cluttered, uneven, or poorly lit work areas.

Potential Consequences: Sprains, fractures, head injuries, lost-time incidents, and secondary injuries from striking objects or equipment.

Affected Persons: Workers, visitors, contractors, and any person moving through the work area.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Major	High

Control Measures

• Eliminate spill sources and remove unnecessary materials from walkways.
• Substitute safer floor treatments or housekeeping methods where feasible.
• Install engineering controls such as improved lighting, anti-slip surfaces, drainage, handrails, and physical barriers.
• Use administrative controls including housekeeping schedules, inspection checklists, and designated pedestrian routes.
• Require slip-resistant footwear and other PPE appropriate to the environment.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Moderate	Medium

4. Struck-by, caught-in, or pinch-point hazards from tools, machinery, moving parts, or flying objects.

Potential Consequences: Lacerations, crush injuries, amputations, eye injuries, fractures, and fatal trauma in severe cases.

Affected Persons: Operators, helpers, maintenance staff, nearby workers, and visitors entering the hazard zone.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

• Eliminate exposure by stopping work until guards, barriers, or safe methods are in place.
• Substitute safer tools or processes that reduce contact with moving parts or flying debris.
• Use engineering controls such as machine guarding, interlocks, shields, containment, and exclusion zones.
• Apply administrative controls including lockout/tagout, safe work procedures, competent supervision, and restricted access.
• Require task-specific PPE such as eye/face protection, gloves where appropriate, hearing protection, and protective footwear.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Major	High

5. Electrical exposure from energized equipment, damaged cords, improper use of tools, or contact with live components.

Potential Consequences: Electric shock, burns, arc flash injuries, cardiac arrest, fire, and fatality.

Affected Persons: Qualified electrical workers, general workers using powered tools, maintenance staff, and nearby personnel.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Catastrophic	High

Control Measures

• Eliminate energized work whenever de-energizing is feasible.
• Substitute battery-powered or lower-voltage equipment where appropriate.
• Use engineering controls such as grounding, GFCI protection, insulation, covers, and barriers.
• Implement administrative controls including lockout/tagout, permit authorization, qualified-person requirements, and pre-use inspection.
• Require electrical PPE such as insulated gloves, arc-rated clothing, face protection, and dielectric footwear when justified by the task.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Rare	Major	Medium

6. Chemical exposure from splashes, spills, vapors, dusts, or skin contact with hazardous substances.

Potential Consequences: Skin and eye irritation, burns, respiratory effects, poisoning, sensitization, asphyxiation, and long-term illness.

Affected Persons: Workers handling chemicals, nearby employees, cleaners, maintenance staff, and emergency responders.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Major	High

Control Measures

• Eliminate hazardous chemicals where a safer process or product can be used.
• Substitute less hazardous substances or lower-toxicity formulations.
• Use engineering controls such as local exhaust ventilation, closed transfer systems, splash guards, and secondary containment.
• Apply administrative controls including SDS review, labeling, spill procedures, exposure limits, and restricted access.
• Require chemical-resistant gloves, eye/face protection, protective clothing, and respiratory protection when engineering controls are insufficient.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Moderate	Medium

7. Manual handling, lifting, carrying, pushing, or pulling of heavy or awkward loads.

Potential Consequences: Back strain, shoulder injury, hernia, dropped loads, foot injuries, and cumulative musculoskeletal disorders.

Affected Persons: Workers performing material handling, helpers, and anyone in the load path.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Likely	Moderate	High

Control Measures

• Eliminate manual lifting where mechanical handling is feasible.
• Substitute smaller loads, lighter materials, or preassembled components.
• Use engineering controls such as hoists, carts, lift tables, conveyors, and pallet jacks.
• Implement administrative controls including team lifts, load limits, route planning, and training in safe lifting techniques.
• Require gloves and protective footwear where appropriate, while ensuring PPE does not increase grip or handling risk.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Minor	Medium

8. Exposure to noise, vibration, dust, heat, glare, or other environmental stressors during task execution.

Potential Consequences: Hearing loss, fatigue, reduced concentration, heat stress, eye strain, respiratory irritation, and increased error rates.

Affected Persons: Workers in the task area, supervisors, and nearby personnel exposed to the same environment.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Moderate	Medium

Control Measures

• Eliminate the source where feasible or relocate the task to a less hazardous area.
• Substitute quieter tools, lower-vibration equipment, or less hazardous processes.
• Use engineering controls such as enclosures, ventilation, dampening, shielding, and climate control.
• Apply administrative controls including exposure time limits, work/rest cycles, and monitoring of environmental conditions.
• Require hearing protection, respiratory protection, eye protection, or cooling PPE as appropriate to the hazard.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Minor	Low

9. Working at heights, on ladders, platforms, or elevated surfaces.

Potential Consequences: Falls from height, serious trauma, fractures, head injury, or fatality.

Affected Persons: Workers at height, workers below the work area, and nearby personnel.

Initial Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Possible	Catastrophic	Extreme

Control Measures

• Eliminate work at height by completing the task from the ground whenever possible.
• Substitute a safer access method such as a scissor lift or other elevated work platform when appropriate.
• Use engineering controls including guardrails, anchor points, toe boards, and fall arrest systems.
• Implement administrative controls such as fall protection plans, ladder safety rules, rescue planning, and exclusion zones below the work area.
• Require fall protection PPE and head protection where the hazard cannot be otherwise controlled.

Residual Risk Assessment

Likelihood	Severity	Risk Rating
Unlikely	Major	High

5. General Control Measures

• Require a pre-job briefing before work begins so the crew reviews the JHA/JSA, confirms the task sequence, and identifies site-specific hazards.

The briefing should be repeated whenever conditions change, new hazards are identified, or the work scope expands. [1] [1]

• Involve employees who perform the work in hazard identification and control selection.

Use worker knowledge to validate task steps, identify infrequent variations, and improve acceptance of controls. [1] [8]

• Document the hazard assessment and keep it available to safety and health personnel.

Maintain a written or electronic record that identifies the task, hazards, controls, and PPE decisions. [1] [7]

• Apply the hierarchy of controls before relying on PPE.

Use elimination, substitution, engineering controls, and administrative controls first; use PPE as the last line of defense or as a supplemental measure. [2] [9]

• Inspect tools, equipment, and work areas before use and remove defective items from service.

Verify guards, ventilation, lighting, access routes, and emergency equipment are in place and functioning. [1] [4]

6. Emergency Preparedness

• Establish emergency response actions for serious injury, fall incidents, electrical shock, chemical exposure, and struck-by or crush events. The plan should define how to summon help, isolate the area, and protect responders from secondary hazards.
• Provide rescue planning for work at height and other tasks where self-rescue may not be possible. Rescue equipment, trained responders, and communication methods must be available before work starts.
• Maintain spill response supplies and procedures for chemical releases, including containment, evacuation triggers, decontamination steps, and disposal requirements.
• Ensure first aid and emergency contact procedures are known to the crew, and verify that emergency equipment such as eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, and communication devices are accessible and functional.
• Stop work immediately when an uncontrolled high-risk condition is identified, secure the area, and resume only after controls are implemented and verified.

7. Training Requirements

• JHA/JSA Awareness and Task Briefing Training: Workers and supervisors must be trained to participate in the JHA/JSA process, understand task steps, recognize changing conditions, and communicate hazards before and during the job. Training should emphasize that the JHA is a living document and that work must stop when conditions change in a way that affects risk. [1] [1]
  • How to review the task sequence
  • How to identify site-specific hazards
  • How to escalate new hazards or changed conditions
  • How to participate in pre-job briefings
• Hierarchy of Controls and Hazard Reduction Methods: Employees and supervisors must understand how to eliminate hazards where possible and how to apply substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE in the correct order. Training should reinforce that PPE is not the primary control when higher-order controls are feasible. [2] [10]
  • Elimination and substitution concepts
  • Engineering and containment controls
  • Administrative/work practice controls
  • PPE as the last line of defense
• PPE Selection, Use, Fit, and Limitations: Workers must be trained on the specific PPE required for their tasks, including when it is required, how to wear it correctly, how to inspect it, and its limitations. Training should also cover replacement, cleaning, storage, and reporting damaged PPE. [11] [9]
  • Eye and face protection
  • Hand protection
  • Foot protection
  • Respiratory protection where applicable
  • Fall protection and other task-specific PPE
• Hazard Recognition for Specific Exposure Types: Training should cover common hazard categories such as impact, penetration, crush/pinch, chemical exposure, harmful dust, heat, electrical contact, ergonomic hazards, and environmental hazards so workers can recognize warning signs and respond appropriately. [6] [3]
  • Recognize hazard sources during observation
  • Understand body parts at risk
  • Know when to stop work and seek supervision
  • Use SDS and equipment manuals as hazard information sources
• Emergency Response and Incident Reporting: Workers must be trained to respond to falls, electrical incidents, chemical exposures, and other task-specific emergencies, including how to isolate hazards, summon assistance, and preserve the scene for investigation. Training should also cover reporting near misses and incidents so the JHA can be updated. [5] [8]
  • Emergency notification procedures
  • Basic first aid and rescue awareness
  • Incident and near-miss reporting
  • Post-incident review and corrective action

8. Monitoring and Review

Review Frequency: Annually and after any incident, near miss, task change, equipment change, or significant change in work conditions.

Monitoring Type	Frequency	Responsible Party	Description
Pre-Use Inspection	Before each shift or task	Worker performing the task and immediate supervisor	Inspect tools, equipment, PPE, guards, access routes, lighting, and housekeeping conditions before work begins. Remove defective equipment from service and correct unsafe conditions before proceeding.
Job Briefing Verification	Before the start of each job and whenever conditions change	Supervisor or competent person	Confirm that the crew has reviewed the current JHA/JSA, understands the task steps, and has identified any new or changed hazards. Re-brief the crew if weather, staffing, equipment, or work methods change.
Workplace Hazard Inspection	Quarterly and after significant changes	Safety personnel and trained employees	Conduct walk-through inspections to identify new hazards, verify control effectiveness, and confirm that housekeeping, guarding, ventilation, and access controls remain effective.
PPE Compliance and Condition Check	Monthly and during routine supervision	Supervisors and safety staff	Verify that required PPE is selected correctly, fits properly, is worn consistently, and remains in safe condition. Replace damaged or worn PPE promptly.
Incident and Near-Miss Review	After every incident or near miss	Supervisor, safety manager, and affected employees	Review the event to determine whether the JHA/JSA, controls, training, or PPE requirements need revision. Document corrective actions and communicate them to the workforce.

9. Special Circumstances

• Weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, wind, heat, and poor visibility can increase slip, trip, fall, transportation, and heat-stress risks. Outdoor work should be re-evaluated when weather changes.
• Night work or low-light conditions increase the likelihood of struck-by, trip, and visibility-related incidents. Additional lighting, reflective PPE, and traffic controls may be required.
• Lone work reduces the ability to summon immediate assistance and may increase the severity of incidents. Communication checks, check-in procedures, and emergency response planning are required.
• Non-routine, infrequently performed, or newly assigned tasks carry elevated risk because workers may be less familiar with the hazards and controls. These tasks require enhanced supervision and briefing.
• Work performed under permits or special authorizations, such as confined space or hot work, requires integration of permit controls with the JHA/JSA and may require additional PPE and rescue planning.

Approval and Sign-off

This risk assessment has been reviewed and approved by:

Assessor: _________________________ Date: __________

Manager/Supervisor: _________________________ Date: __________

Safety Representative: _________________________ Date: __________

This risk assessment must be reviewed annually and after any incident, near miss, task change, equipment change, or significant change in work conditions. or when significant changes occur.

Safety powered by SALUS