When dealing with confined spaces, it is crucial to follow specific safety protocols to ensure the safety of workers. Here are some key points based on the provided documents:

1. Authorization and Record Keeping: Confined spaces must not be entered without the employer's authorization. Employers are required to keep an up-to-date record of all confined spaces, which should be accessible to employees before entry [1].

2. Hazard Assessment: Employers must appoint qualified individuals to assess the hazards associated with confined spaces. This includes specifying necessary tests to determine potential exposure to hazards and recording the findings in a signed and dated report [1].

3. Code of Practice: A written code of practice must be established, governing the procedures for entering and working in confined spaces. This code should be maintained, periodically reviewed, and must identify all potential confined space work locations [2].

4. Training: Workers involved in confined space entry must be trained by a competent person to recognize hazards and perform their duties safely. Training records should be maintained by the employer [2].

5. Ventilation and Atmospheric Testing: If a hazardous atmosphere is identified, the confined space must be ventilated or purged before entry. Continuous monitoring may be required to maintain a safe atmosphere, and workers should be trained in evacuation procedures in case of ventilation failure [3].

6. Emergency Response: Employers must ensure that effective rescue operations can be carried out if needed. This includes developing and implementing emergency procedures and ensuring that rescue equipment is readily available [3].

7. Entry and Exit Procedures: Safe entry and exit procedures must be established, taking into account the specific conditions of each confined space. This includes ensuring that openings are sufficient for safe passage while using protective equipment [1].

By adhering to these guidelines, employers can significantly reduce the risks associated with working in confined spaces and ensure a safer working environment for their employees.