To prevent cave-ins and ensure worker safety in open trenches, OSHA requires the implementation of adequate protective systems. Here are the key safety procedures:

• Protective Systems: Each employee in a trench must be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system. [1] [2]

These systems include:

• Sloping for stability
• Cutting to create stepped benched grades
• Supporting with a system made of posts, beams, shores, or planking and hydraulic jacks
• Using a trench box to protect workers

[1] [2] Other important safety measures include:

• Excavated or other materials must be at least 2 feet back from the edge of the trench.
• A safe means of egress shall be provided within 25 feet of workers in the trench.
• Do NOT enter an unprotected trench!

[1] [2]