Fall protection is required in construction sites where workers may be exposed to fall hazards. Most jurisdictions require specific measures when a worker has the potential to fall approximately 3 meters (10 feet) or more. This height may be less if the surface below could cause a greater injury than the fall itself, such as machinery or hazardous materials. [2] [3]

Fall protection measures include:

• Fixed barriers (e.g., handrails, guardrails)
• Surface opening protection (e.g., covers, guardrails)
• Warning barriers/control zones
• Fall or travel restraint systems
• Fall containment systems (e.g., safety nets)
• Fall arrest systems

[2] A fall arrest system is used to stop a worker's fall before the worker hits the surface below. A fall arrest system should only be used when other methods of fall protection are not available or possible, including engineering controls (e.g., elevated platform), guardrails, safety nets, or travel restraint. [9] [4]

Key considerations for fall arrest systems include minimizing free fall distance, reducing fall forces, preventing workers from striking other surfaces during a fall, and avoiding the pendulum effect or swing falls. [4]

To prevent bottoming out (hitting the ground or other objects below), calculate the total fall clearance distance, considering lanyard length, energy absorber length (when deployed), worker height, and a safety factor. [4] [1]

A fall protection plan is essential for identifying fall hazards and implementing measures to prevent injuries. It should include site-specific hazards, the type of fall protection to be used, anchor points, clearance requirements, equipment inspection procedures, and rescue procedures. [9] [8]

Employers must develop written fall protection policies, prioritize passive fall arrest systems, and establish fall arrest rescue procedures. Workers and supervisors need education and training to understand their roles in fall protection and prevention. [8] [8] [8] [7]

A rescue plan is crucial for retrieving and providing help to a worker who has fallen. Suspension trauma can occur in minutes when a worker is suspended in a harness, making immediate rescue essential. [5] [6]

Key components of a rescue plan include:

• Written and posted plan
• Identification of rescuers and their roles
• Procedures for hazard assessment and control
• Training requirements
• Emergency rescue equipment and first aid supplies
• Communication protocols

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