Confined Space Entry

Document Number: [SWP-NUMBER]

Revision Date: [DATE]

Next Review Date: [NEXT REVIEW DATE]

Department: [DEPARTMENT NAME]

1. Scope

This safe work procedure (SWP) outlines the requirements for safe entry into confined spaces. It includes hazard assessment, atmospheric testing, ventilation, personal protective equipment, rescue planning, and permit requirements. This procedure applies to all personnel entering confined spaces at the worksite. It does not cover hot work within confined spaces, which requires a separate permit and procedure.

2. Definitions

Confined Space A space that is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and has limited or restricted means for entry or exit; and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) An atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or immediate health effects or interfere with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a permit space. Atmospheric Testing The process by which a qualified person tests and evaluates the atmosphere of a confined space for oxygen content, flammable gases and vapors, and potential toxic air contaminants. Entry Permit A written document that authorizes entry into a confined space, certifies that pre-entry requirements have been met, and specifies conditions for safe entry. Ventilation The process of supplying or removing air to and from a confined space to control air contaminant levels, flammable concentrations, or oxygen deficiency.

3. Responsibilities

3.1 Supervisors

Ensure all workers are trained and competent in confined space entry procedures.
Verify that a pre-entry hazard assessment is completed and all hazards are controlled.
Ensure all required permits are obtained and followed.
Provide necessary equipment and PPE for safe entry and rescue.
Monitor work activities inside the confined space.
Correct unsafe acts, such as a breach of rules, and they must be supported in this duty.

3.2 Workers

Participate in training and demonstrate competency in confined space entry.
Follow all safe work procedures and permit requirements.
Use required PPE and equipment properly.
Report any hazards or unsafe conditions immediately.
Do not eat or drink while working in a potentially contaminated area. Wash your hands before meals. [1]

3.3 Health and Safety Representative

Participate in the development, implementation, and monitoring of all phases of the health and safety program.
Participate in job safety analysis.

4. Potential Hazards and Risks

Hazard	Risk	Control Measures
Oxygen deficiency or enrichment	Asphyxiation, fire, or explosion	Conduct thorough atmospheric testing before entry. Use calibrated and maintained monitoring equipment. Continuously monitor the atmosphere during entry. Provide adequate ventilation to maintain safe atmospheric conditions.
Exposure to toxic gases, vapors, or dusts [2]	Acute or chronic health effects	Identify potential toxic substances. Review SDSs. Ensure proper ventilation. Use appropriate respiratory protection. Conduct air monitoring for specific toxins.
Electrical hazards	Electrocution, electric shock	De-energize and lockout/tagout all electrical equipment. Use ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). Inspect electrical tools and cords for damage.
Moving parts or equipment	Crushing, amputation, or entanglement	Implement lockout/tagout procedures for all energy sources. Verify isolation before entry. Use blocking and securing devices to prevent movement of equipment.
Slips, trips, and falls [1]	Injuries from falls	Ensure proper lighting. Use fall protection equipment when working at heights. Maintain good housekeeping to prevent slips, trips, and falls.
Exposure to biohazards (e.g., sewage) [1]	Infection, illness	Provide appropriate PPE, such as gloves, coveralls, and eye protection. Practice good hygiene. Provide washing facilities.
Manual handling of heavy objects [2]	Musculoskeletal injuries	Provide training on proper lifting techniques. Use mechanical aids where possible. Take breaks to avoid fatigue.
Extreme temperatures [1]	Heat stress, hypothermia	Provide ventilation or cooling measures. Schedule work to avoid extreme temperatures. Ensure workers are hydrated.

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Hard Hat: Provides head protection against impact, penetration, and electrical shock. Must meet ANSI Z89.1 standards. Inspect before each use for damage.
Safety Glasses/Goggles: Protects eyes from dust, debris, and chemical splashes. Select appropriate lens for the hazard. Must meet ANSI Z87.1 standards. Ensure proper fit. [2]
Respirator: Provides respiratory protection against specific air contaminants. Select appropriate cartridge or filter for the hazard. Ensure proper fit and seal. Conduct fit testing.
Gloves: Protects hands from cuts, abrasions, and chemical exposure. Select appropriate glove material for the hazard. Inspect for damage before each use. [1]
Safety Boots: Protects feet from impact, compression, and punctures. Must meet ASTM F2413 standards. Ensure proper fit. [1]
Coveralls: Provides full body protection against chemical exposure and physical hazards. Select appropriate material for the hazard. Ensure proper fit. [1]

6. Equipment and Tools

Multi-gas meter: Used to test the atmosphere for oxygen levels, flammable gases, and toxic substances. Calibrate before each use. Ensure sensors are functioning properly.
Ventilation fan: Used to provide fresh air to the confined space. Ensure adequate airflow. Position intake in a clean air source.
Two-way radios: Used for communication between entrant and attendant. Ensure clear communication. Test before entry.
Retrieval system (harness and lifeline): Used for emergency retrieval of entrant. Inspect before each use. Ensure proper attachment to entrant.
Explosion-proof lighting: Provides illumination inside the confined space. Use explosion-proof lighting in potentially flammable atmospheres. Inspect for damage before use.

7. Pre-Job Requirements

7.1 Training and Competency

Training and Competency: All personnel involved in confined space entry must receive adequate training and demonstrate competency. Training should include hazard awareness, atmospheric testing, ventilation, PPE, rescue procedures, and permit requirements.

7.2 Pre-Job Briefing

Pre-Job Briefing: A pre-job briefing must be conducted before each entry. The briefing should cover the hazards, entry procedures, emergency plan, and any specific instructions for the task.

7.3 Work Area Preparation

Work Area Preparation: The work area around the confined space must be clear of obstructions and hazards. Ensure adequate lighting and ventilation. Barricade the area to prevent unauthorized access.

8. Safe Work Procedure Steps

1. Hazard Assessment: Identify the confined space and the hazards associated with it. Review previous entry records and SDSs for potential contaminants. [2]
2. Permit Acquisition: Complete a confined space entry permit. Ensure all sections are filled out accurately and signed by authorized personnel.
3. Atmospheric Testing: Test the atmosphere for oxygen levels (19.5-23.5%), flammable gases (less than 10% LEL), and toxic substances (below permissible exposure limits). Record results on the entry permit. Continue monitoring during entry.
4. Ventilation: If the atmosphere is not safe, ventilate the space until acceptable levels are achieved. Continue ventilation during entry.
5. Pre-Entry Briefing: Ensure all entrants and attendants are trained and competent. Brief the team on the hazards, entry procedures, and emergency plan.
6. PPE Donning: Entrant puts on required PPE, including harness and lifeline. Attendant verifies proper fit and function.
7. Continuous Monitoring: Attendant maintains continuous communication with the entrant. Monitor the atmosphere continuously. Be prepared to initiate rescue if needed.
8. Entry and Work: Enter the confined space and perform the assigned work. Follow safe work practices to minimize hazards.
9. Exit: Upon completion of the work, exit the confined space. Remove all equipment and tools.
10. Post-Entry Procedures: Test the atmosphere again to ensure it is safe. Sign off on the entry permit and return it to the designated location.

9. Precautions and Safety Measures

Never enter a confined space without proper training, permits, and equipment.
Always test the atmosphere before entry and continuously monitor it during entry.
Ensure adequate ventilation is provided to maintain a safe atmosphere.
Use appropriate PPE to protect against potential hazards.
Establish and practice emergency rescue procedures.
Follow company safety rules. [2]

10. Emergency Procedures

10.1 General Emergency Response

In the event of an emergency, the attendant should immediately activate the alarm and initiate rescue procedures. Do not enter the confined space without proper rescue equipment and training.

10.2 Specific Emergency Scenarios

Entrant becomes unconscious or exhibits signs of distress: Activate the alarm. Immediately remove the entrant from the space using the retrieval system. Provide first aid and call for medical assistance.
Release of a hazardous substance: Activate the alarm. Evacuate the area. Contact emergency services and provide information about the chemical involved.
Electrical shock: Activate the alarm. De-energize the electrical supply. Provide first aid and call for medical assistance.

11. Incident Reporting and Investigation

All incidents, including near misses, must be reported to the supervisor immediately. The supervisor will then notify the safety department and initiate the incident reporting process.

A thorough investigation will be conducted to determine the root cause of the incident and to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence. The investigation will involve interviews with witnesses, review of records, and site inspection.

Approved by: [NAME AND POSITION]

Date: [APPROVAL DATE]